Canton Network Transaction Fees Explained
Like most public blockchain networks, the Canton Network charges a fee for its use. Canton users pay two types of fees to use the Global Synchronizer (i.e. network): synchronizer traffic fees and holding fees.
Unlike most others, the synchronizer traffic fee is fixed at a certain amount of USD per MB of bandwidth or "synchronizer traffic". Although fees are quoted in USD, they are paid using the network's native utility coin: Canton Coin (CC). Currently, the price for 1MB of traffic on the Canton Network is $60 USD.
Besides the "synchronizer traffic fee", the Canton Network also charges a "holding fee". A holding fee is a fixed cost associated with maintaining an active Canton Coin record (UTXO) on the ledger.
Fee parameters, traffic pricing, limits, and related tokenomics settings are subject to change via a 2/3 majority of Super Validators and the Canton Improvement Proposal (CIP) process.
Synchronizer Traffic Fees
What Are They?
Global Synchronizer Traffic Fees represent the cost of consuming synchronization capacity or "bandwidth" on the Canton Network.
What Counts as Traffic?
Traffic refers to all messages from participants that must be sequenced on the network.
Most prominently, traffic is consumed by Daml workflows as part of the Canton transaction processing protocol, including confirmation requests (sent when a participant initiates a transaction) and confirmation responses (sent by participants who host stakeholders of a transaction). Not only custom Daml workflows count towards traffic spend - automated "built-in" workflows such as rewards collection also use traffic.
In addition to Daml workflow messages, participants also use traffic for submitting topology transactions (for example, allocating new parties or vetting newly uploaded DAR packages) and exchanging periodic ACS commitments to ensure synchronisation.
Importantly, traffic accounting is "by participant": all parties hosted on the same participant share the same traffic balance.
The Base Rate: Everyone Gets Free Traffic
Every participant receives a limited amount of synchronizer traffic free of charge via a base-rate allowance. The base rate is defined as a burst amount over a time window, so that even when fully depleted, the available base-rate traffic balance recovers fully after a "window"-long period of inactivity.
Usage beyond this allowance consumes paid traffic (also called "extra traffic"), which is charged by burning Canton Coin. The base rate traffic balance is always consumed first; extra traffic is only drawn down when the base rate is fully depleted. When neither base rate nor extra traffic balance is available, the sequencer will deny further submission attempts until either the base rate recovers or extra traffic is topped up.
Traffic Pricing Parameters
The current synchronizer traffic parameters are recorded in the global AmuletRules contract and can be retrieved via the Scan API using the /api/scan/v0/amulet-rules endpoint.
For example, this returns a JSON object containing:
{
"baseRateTrafficLimits": {
"burstAmount": "400000",
"burstWindow": { "microseconds": "1200000000" }
},
"extraTrafficPrice": "60.0",
"readVsWriteScalingFactor": "4",
"minTopupAmount": "200000"
}
To explain these fields:
- baseRateTrafficLimits defines the free tier. Validators can use up to burstAmount bytes within a burstWindow time window without incurring fees. The free balance is restored periodically and always reaches its maximum after a full burstWindow of inactivity.
- extraTrafficPrice is the price of paid traffic beyond the free tier, denominated in USD per MB. The price is charged in Canton Coin as per the current USD/CC exchange rate, which is determined by SVs via median voting and recorded on current OpenMiningRound contracts obtainable from Scan.
- readVsWriteScalingFactor specifies the additional traffic charged for delivering a message to each recipient (in basis points per 10,000). For example, at a factor of 4, a 1 MB message with 10 recipients draws 1,000,000 x (1 + 10 x 0.004) = 1,040,000 bytes from the sending participant's balance.
- minTopupAmount is the minimum amount of traffic that must be bought in a single purchase, protecting SVs from disproportionate overhead from very small top-ups.
The Burn Mechanics
To "buy" traffic, Canton Coin is burned by the participant and converted into extra traffic balance. On-ledger MemberTraffic contracts track each validator's traffic state and are updated atomically whenever CC is spent for buying traffic. SVs then update the in-sequencer traffic state based on the MemberTraffic state they observe on the ledger, ensuring paid traffic fees are translated into actual traffic balance increases.
The validator app contains built-in top-up automation that automatically buys traffic to meet pre-configured throughput needs. Operators configure a target throughput (bytes per second) and a minimum top-up interval (seconds). Note that traffic is non-transferable - traffic balances cannot be converted back to Canton Coin.
How This Supports the Burn-Mint Equilibrium
Canton Coin employs a burn-mint equilibrium mechanism. Instead of paying fees directly to network infrastructure providers, all fees for using Canton Coin and for creating a traffic balance on the Global Synchronizer are burned by the user who submits the transaction. In return for operating applications and network infrastructure, providers can mint new Canton Coins. Thus, the usage fee from the user to the provider is indirect via the burn-and-mint mechanism.
This creates a self-correcting price mechanism: as more participants use the network and burn CC for traffic, supply decreases, which tends to increase the CC/USD rate, which in turn decreases the number of CC needed per MB - and vice versa. You can read more about this in the Canton Coin Whitepaper.
Holding Fees
A holding fee is a fixed cost associated with maintaining an active Canton Coin record (UTXO) on the ledger. It is computed per round but not charged continuously to active participants.
Following CIP-0078, holding fees no longer apply to Canton Coin transfers. Instead, they accrue notionally over time and are only enforced if Super Validators explicitly expire a coin whose accrued holding fees meet or exceed its coin amount. When a coin is expired, the entire coin amount is charged as holding fees, the coin amount is burned, and the coin contract is archived.
This mechanism exists to limit the lifetime of long-lived, low-value ("dust") coin contracts and to bound ledger growth. It does not affect actively used coins or normal transaction flows.
Earning Rewards by Transacting on the Network: CIP-0104 Explained
One of the most significant recent developments in Canton Network tokenomics is CIP-0104: Traffic-Based App Rewards, approved on February 12, 2026.
CIP-0104 proposes to improve the quality of app reward incentives by removing featured app markers and instead basing an app's rewards on the actual traffic spent on transactions that change the state managed by the app. This is achieved by measuring traffic spent directly on the Global Synchronizer using sequencer and mediator data.
In the post-CIP-0104 model, application rewards are derived directly from the actual Global Synchronizer traffic spent on successful confirmation requests involving a featured application. This transition replaces governance-defined marker issuance with a protocol-measured, traffic-weighted model, ensuring rewards are directly aligned with measurable economic activity on the network.
In practical terms: the more meaningful traffic your application drives on the network, the more Canton Coin your application can earn back through minting - creating a direct and transparent link between usage and reward.
This CIP also proposes to make protocol-conformant confirmation responses free, so that validator nodes only pay for the submission of transactions by their users - an action validators can explicitly gate and charge for if required. This enables validator operators to manage traffic costs and fosters decentralization of apps and wallets.
Key CIPs That Shape the Fee Model
The Canton Network fee structure has been revised through the CIP governance process. Changes require approval by a 2/3 supermajority of Super Validators and apply only to future activity.
Running a Canton Validator
Understanding the fee model is useful. Managing traffic balances, automating top-ups, and monitoring validator health across production deployments is a different challenge.
CatalyX Blockchain Manager, built by IntellectEU as a founding member of the Canton Foundation, provides the infrastructure management layer for Canton validator operators - from node deployment to operational tooling. Whether you're running a single validator node or managing fleet-scale infrastructure, the platform handles the operational overhead so your team focuses on building.
Interested in Canton Network participation? Explore CatalyX Blockchain Manager and reach out to the IntellectEU team to discuss your setup.
Frequently Asked Questions
Canton participants pay two protocol-level fees: Global Synchronizer Traffic Fees and Holding Fees. Transfer fees (percentage-based) were removed by CIP-0078 in September 2025 and no longer apply.
Traffic fees are priced in USD per MB of synchronizer traffic and settled in Canton Coin at the current on-chain USD/CC exchange rate. The economic target is approximately $1 per typical Canton Coin or asset transfer. The $/MB price (~$60 as of January 2026) may be adjusted via CIP governance to maintain that target.
Yes. Every participant receives a base-rate allowance of 400 kB of free synchronizer traffic within a 20-minute burst window. This balance fully replenishes after a window of inactivity. Validator participants and Super Validator components receive priority access to free traffic.
CIP-0104 (approved February 12, 2026) replaced governance-defined app reward markers with a traffic-based reward model. Applications now earn Canton Coin rewards proportional to the actual Global Synchronizer traffic their transactions generate - creating a direct link between network usage and rewards. It also makes protocol-conformant confirmation responses free for validator nodes.
Holding fees are a ledger hygiene mechanism, not a running cost on normal activity. They accrue notionally per Canton Coin UTXO and are only enforced if a Super Validator expires a low-value ("dust") coin whose accrued fees equal or exceed its amount. Active coins and normal transaction flows are unaffected.
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